 |
| The House of Sophist and Socrates |
Pre-Socratic philosophy have viewed the universe with all manner of ways. The House of the sophist was to concentrate the whole attention on human beings. Socratic search for her research on objects on Earth IE human. So in this era, human beings become objects first and foremost for the investigation of philosophy.
The House Of Sophist.
Sophist indicating someone who cheats others by utilizing the arguments-arguments that are not valid.
Factor In The Emergence Of Sofistik:
1. Athens grew rapidly in the fields of politics and economics. Under the leadership of Periclespolicy this is central to the whole world. The sophist does not limit its activity in the polis of Athens alone. They are the teachers who travel travelling from one city to another. But Athens asthe new cultural centre has a special appeal to the sophist.
2. The need for education that was felt throughout Hellas at that time. Language is the most important political tools in Greece society. Success or failure in the political sphere is largelydependent on language proficiency. The House will meet the needs of the education of sophist.They teach the sciences such as mathematics, astronomy, and grammar. The House of the sophist has great merits in developing the science of rhetoric or the science of public speaking.
3. Greece People will realise that Greek culture different from other cultures. The House of the sophist is generally of the opinion that social life does not have a base is not supernatural.Protagoras says man is the measure of all things. Thus the House of sophist fall in relativism in the field of ethical behaviour. Relativism holds that good bad right wrong and depending on theman in question.
Some figures in the House of the sophist:
a. Protagoras.
-Man is the measure of all things. Relativism.
-Pperbuatan the same, simultaneously can also simultaneously denounced and praised. The art of arguing becomes suitable
Countries are not based on nature, but is held by the man himself.
b. the Gorgias.
He maintains three establishments: 1. There is not something else. 2. If something exists, then itcannot be known. 3. If anything can be known, then that knowledge can not be communicated to others. So he included nihilism (assuming there are no anything else or that there isn'tsomething else of value)
The rhetoric is considered as the art of convincing Gorgias. It is therefore not enough reasonsare directed to reason, but also the feeling should be touched.
c. Hippias.
The nature of manusawi are the basis for human behavior and society.
d. Prodikos.
Prodikos embraced a view of life that is pessimistic. The death of diangapnya as a way to escape the hardship of human life. Religion is a human invention.
e. Critias.
Religion found by State authorities.
The Influence Of Sofistik:
Negative:
-A lot of traditional values in the fields of religion and morality begins to collapse.
-The role of the polis as a socio-political unity starts to degenerate.
-Addressing the Science and language proficiency showing danger that techniques addressedwill be used for evil purposes.
Positive
-The sophist resulted in an intellectual revolution in Greece.
-Creating a new style of language.
-Take man as the object for philosophical thinking.
-Put on a foundation for systematic education for young people.
-Preparing the birth of a new philosophy.
The House Of Socrates
Socrates chose the man as the object of his research. As the human beings who know, which should set up its own Act, and the vagaries of living in society.
Socrates did not approve of relativism. According to Socrates is no objective truth, which does not depend on the individual. In everyday life, there's good behavior and not good, appropriateand inappropriate was done. The determination of who is good and not good, worthy andunworthy lies not in the strength of the arguments people per person, but rather on somethingwhich is universal. Do evil anywhere is bad, while doing good is definitely good.
Its method is called dialectic, meaning chatting or dialogue. Socrates did not investigate the facts, but instead analyzes the opinions or speech is expressed in person. Socrates compares hisown this dg method a midwife in helping labor. But he did not help the labor, but it culminated in the souls. Socrates himself did not convey knowledge, but with questions he culminated in the knowledge that there are in the souls of others. And with further questions he tested the thoughts that have been born.
The philosophy of Socrates many discuss ethical issues. He contended that the main thing in lifeis not wealth or honor, but mental health. The main prerequisites of human life is a healthy soul.The human spirit must be healthy first, so that the goals of life that can be achieved. The mainpurpose of life is happiness (eudaimonia). Ways to achieve happiness is the arête (virtue).Socrates holds that virtue is knowledge. On this basis there are three things according toSocrates:
1. Man not err deliberately. He was doing wrong because of ignorance. Seandaianya he know if 'good ' for him, he'll do it.
2. Virtue is one (thoroughly).
3. The virtue can be taught to other people.
The task of the State is promoting the happiness of its citizens and make their souls become as good as possible. As a result of a ruler of the country must have an understanding of ' good '.
0 Comment:
Posting Komentar